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Maryland Constitution of 1776
The Maryland Constitution of 1776 was the first of four constitutions under which the U.S. state of Maryland has been governed. It was that state's basic law from its adoption in 1776 until the Maryland Constitution of 1851 took effect on July 4th of that year.
==Background and drafting==
In the months before the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, a group of powerful Marylanders formed an association which eventually took the form of a convention in Annapolis. This group made preparations to form a new government for Maryland and sent representatives to participate in the Continental Congress.〔Smith & Willis, ''Maryland Politics and Government'' (2012), (p. 135 ). "Businessmen, landowners, and political leaders in Maryland, including the state's signers of the Declaration of Independence (Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Samuel Chase, William Paca, and Thomas Stone), participated actively in the events that produced the American Revolution. Like their counterparts in other parts of colonial America, they initiated a committee of correspondence, held meetings of a provincial convention, created a council of safety to manage the affairs of the nascent independent government, and sent representatives to the revolutionary Continental Congresses. Responding to the request of the Second Continental Congress made on May 15, 1776, Maryland's revolutionary-era leaders began the process of drafting new governance documents for the soon to be declared independent state."〕
The eighth session decided that the continuation of an ad hoc government by the convention was not a good mechanism for governing the state and that a more permanent and structured government was needed. So, on July 3, 1776 they resolved that a new convention be elected that would be responsible for drawing up their first state constitution, one that did not refer to parliament or the king, but would be a government ''"...of the people only."''
On August 1, all freemen with property elected delegates for the Maryland Constitutional Convention of 1776. They began meeting on August 14, drafted the constitution, and adjourned on November 11th. The document was not submitted to the people for ratification. The Assembly of Freemen would not meet again, as it was replaced by the new state government established by the 1776 constitution. Thomas Johnson became the state's first elected governor.〔Smith & Willis, ''Maryland Politics and Government'' (2012), (p. 137 ).〕
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